#2

Propolis & Humans

How is propolis harvested?

In France, a beehive produces an average of 100 to 300 g of propolis a year. The quality and quantity of propolis harvested depend on the number of bees per hive and the specific characteristics of the region in which they are found. The abundance of plants and buds varies widely from one area to another.

This harvest takes place after the honey harvest, when the colony has reached its maximum production capacity. The beekeeper can harvest propolis via two different methods.

  • either by direct scraping of the frames and inner walls of the hive supers. The bee’s natural reflex is to fill unexpected gaps in the hive with Propolis, which is why there is a significant quantity on the frames, The beekeepers scrape the frames to collect this material.
  • or by fitting propolis grids: beekeepers encourage the propolis production by inserting a specially designed grid into the hive and let the bees quietly coat it with resin. At the end of the season (usually in winter), the beekeeper collects these grids and freezes them, to make it easier to recover the Propolis that has become brittle with the cold.

When it’s cold, propolis becomes brittle and can be removed more easily from the grids. This is why beekeepers prefer to harvest propolis in winter either from grids or by scraping it directly from the honey supers and frames

How is propolis purified and processed?

The raw propolis collected from the hive contains many impurities due to the normal activity of the hive and should be purified before use.

It is a complex substance: raw propolis contains on average almost 40% of waste: wood scrap, dead bees, plant residues, etc.

A pre-selection is first carried out by macroscopic observation of samples, with experience, eliminates the products of inferior quality and doubtful profile.
In order to refine the selection, a series of tests are carried out in the laboratory guaranteeing optimal quality: absence of heavy metals and pesticides, verifying the presence of flavonoids, organic acids and polyphenols necessary for therapeutic activity of propolis. Once these checks have been carried out, all the foreign particles must be filtered out for optimum use.


We can then process the propolis and make different extracts: liquid, powder extract… ready to be incorporated into propolis-based preparations.

Once the results of the molecular tests have been published, the raw propolis is purified using a technique developed and patented by certain laboratories. It is dissolved in an alcoholic carrier. Then, by centrifuging and decanting, the impurities are eliminated from the alcoholic extract containing the active fraction of propolis, more commonly known as the “soft” extract.

These extracts are used in laboratories to prepare numerous phyto-pharmaceutical products, and are incorporated into products using manufacturing processes developed as part of research and development activities. It takes experience and perseverance to understand how propolis works. This information is essential for the production of standardized extracts and the manufacture of products with a high amount of active ingredients.

What are the health benefits of propolis?

The research carried out upstream has enabled us to identify the origins of the properties of propolis and confirm its effectiveness on several levels:

Antiseptic and antibacterial properties

Propolis is a substance with predominantly antiseptic properties, which apply to many strains of bacterial micro-organisms, moulds and yeasts.
It acts by inhibiting cell division (without division = no propagation), which is responsible for stopping the growth of germs and by disorganising the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic and cellular membranes, as well as inhibiting protein synthesis. Its effect also includes the germs responsible for tooth decay.

Anti-inflammatory properties

The components present in propolis such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have anti-inflammatory effects. This can help reduce inflammation in the body and relieve symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions.

Immune system support

Propolis can boost the immune system by stimulating the production of cytokines, which are molecules involved in the immune response. This can help prevent infections and promote better overall health.

Anti-oxidant properties

The antioxidant action of propolis is of particular interest for all skin treatments. Propolis contains natural antioxidants such as flavonoids, which help neutralise free radicals (identified as being connected with ageing) in the body. Antioxidants can help protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of certain diseases.

Anti-viral properties

Some research highlights the antiviral properties of propolis, making it useful for supporting the immune system during viral illnesses such as colds, flu and herpes.

Anti-fungal properties

propolis inhibits the development of Candida, Candida Albicans, Torulopsis, Saccharomyces, Cryptococcus, etc.

Regenerative properties

Using propolis extract on damaged tissue stimulates the regeneration process.

Anaesthetic properties

The topical action of propolis-based preparations reduces skin sensitivity.

Skin care

Propolis is used in many skin care products for its antiseptic, healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help soothe and heal skin problems such as acne, burns, wounds, eczema, psoriasis and irritations.

It’s important to note that the effects of propolis can vary from one person to another, and its use should be tailored to individual needs. It is always advisable to consult a health professional before adding propolis to your skin care or consuming it as a dietary supplement.

How long have humans been using propolis?

History of the use of propolis since ancient times

Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, Mayans…: for thousands of years, people have been using bee products for preventive, curative and nutritional purposes. There are many empirical records of honey being used to treat ENT ailments. The fortifying and hypotensive properties of pollen and royal jelly have also been recognised for many years. Although much less well-known today than these products of the hive, propolis has been widely used as a natural remedy since ancient times.

Less known than honey, propolis has been discovered and used since ancient times. Aristotle considered it as a remedy for skin diseases, wounds and suppuration. Aristotle had already considered Propolis as a remedy for skin affections, wounds and festering.

The first traces of the use of propolis probably date back to ancient Egypt, where it was used for its preservative and aromatic properties as part of the sacred rites of mummification and embalming. That’s how powerful propolis’ preservative properties are.

Propolis was also known in ancient Greece. It was during this period that the word propolis was coined, from the prefix pro meaning in front of, in front of, and polis: the city. According to observations, this material, which was still poorly understood by Greek scientists, was located at the entrance to the hive, and stood like a protective barrier in the form of baffles, preventing predators and other pests from entering the city of bees. Aristotle mentions it in his History of Animals, referring to its antiseptic and healing properties and describing it as a remedy for skin ailments, wounds and suppurations.

In Rome, propolis was sold at a higher price than honey. Every legionnaire had a piece at the time of the military campaigns. Pliny the Elder said that it removed stings, reduced swelling, eased nerve pain, cured ulcers, abscesses and boils…

At the same time, on the South American continent, the Incas seemed to be using propolis for its anti-microbial properties to combat fever-inducing illnesses.

Few medical works from the 12th century mention that propolis was part of the preparation of many medicines fighting against minor infections of the skin and the respiratory system.

In 18th-century France, it was used as a wound drug. Its popularity increased in the early 20th century, when it was used almost exclusively to heal the wounds of the wounded in the Boer War.

In France, in the 18th and 19th centuries, we have found scattered traces of its use in the treatment of wounds, particularly on the battlefields of Napoleon’s great campaigns.

It is especially during the colonial war that pitted the Boers, Dutch people of South Africa, against the British soldiers between 1880 and 1902 that the use of propolis peaked because of the beneficial results it engendered in part of the disinfection, of anesthesia and the healing of wounds of war.

During In World War II, the soviet clinics routinely used it with success.

Propolis has been used for thousands of years, although not continuously. That’s why the scientific community has been working since the 1970s to demonstrate and unveil the secrets of a substance that never ceases to amaze.

Common uses in human medicine have been passed down to the present day. Research and numerous studies have been carried out over the last thirty years, with more than satisfactory results attracting the interest of the scientific world.

Are there any scientific studies on the effectiveness of propolis?

There are many scientific studies on the potential benefits of propolis in various fields. Here are some of the main scientific studies on the benefits of propolis:

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Come and visit La Miellerie du Salagou

Near Lake Salagou in Occitanie, stop off to discover the world of bees and the virtues of propolis in particular!

You’ll also have the opportunity to taste a wide range of honeys and discover their diversity!